docs: 创建数据库设计文档
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张翔
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# 健身房管理系统数据库设计文档
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> 文档编号：GYM-DB-DESIGN-001
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> 版本：v1.0
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> 创建日期：2026-03-08
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> 最后更新日期：2026-03-08
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> 作者：张翔
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> 状态：正式发布
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## 文档修订历史
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| 版本 | 日期 | 作者 | 修订内容 |
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| ---- | ---------- | ---- | -------- |
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| v1.0 | 2026-03-08 | 张翔 | 创建数据库设计文档 |
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## 参考文档
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- 《健身房管理系统基础版技术实现详细设计文档》 GYM-T-ILD-BASIC-001
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- 《健身房管理系统付费订阅版技术实现详细设计文档》 GYM-T-ILD-SUBSCRIPTION-001
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- PostgreSQL 官方文档
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- R2DBC 规范文档
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---
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## 一、数据库架构设计
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### 1.1 多租户架构设计
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本系统采用**共享数据库、共享 Schema、租户 ID 隔离**的多租户架构：
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```
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租户层级：
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租户 (Tenant) → 门店 (Store) → 业务数据
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```
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**租户隔离策略**：
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- 所有业务表包含 `tenant_id` 字段
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- 查询时强制添加 `tenant_id` 过滤条件
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- 通过数据库视图实现租户级数据隔离
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**门店隔离策略**：
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- 门店级业务表包含 `store_id` 字段
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- 支持跨店约课的多门店数据关联
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- 通过配置继承实现门店级个性化
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### 1.2 分库分表策略
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**分库策略**（未来扩展）：
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- 按租户分库：大型租户（月交易额>100 万）独立数据库
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- 按业务分库：交易库、日志库、分析库分离
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**分表策略**：
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- 按时间分表：签到记录、预约记录按月分表
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- 按租户分表：大型租户数据独立表空间
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### 1.3 数据库选型
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**核心数据库**：PostgreSQL 15+
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- 完全支持 R2DBC 响应式驱动
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- JSONB 支持灵活的配置管理
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- 全文搜索支持
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- ACID 事务保证
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**缓存数据库**：Redis 7+
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- 响应式缓存支持
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- 分布式锁
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- 过期策略
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**搜索引擎**：Elasticsearch 8+（可选）
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- 全文搜索
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- 复杂查询
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- 数据分析
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---
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## 二、核心表结构设计
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### 2.1 会员域
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#### 2.1.1 会员基础信息表（member）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE member (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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store_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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phone VARCHAR(11) NOT NULL,
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name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
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gender SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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birthday DATE,
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height DECIMAL(5,2),
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weight DECIMAL(5,2),
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fitness_goal VARCHAR(100),
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avatar_url VARCHAR(500),
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wechat_openid VARCHAR(100),
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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level SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT uk_member_phone UNIQUE (tenant_id, phone),
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CONSTRAINT fk_member_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_member_store FOREIGN KEY (store_id) REFERENCES store(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_member_tenant_store ON member(tenant_id, store_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_member_phone ON member(phone);
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CREATE INDEX idx_member_status ON member(status);
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CREATE INDEX idx_member_level ON member(level);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `tenant_id`: 租户 ID，多租户隔离
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- `store_id`: 门店 ID，单店运营
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- `phone`: 手机号，唯一索引
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- `status`: 1-正常，2-沉默，3-流失预警，4-流失
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- `level`: 会员等级，1-普通，2-VIP，3-SVIP
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#### 2.1.2 会员卡表（member_card）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE member_card (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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member_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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card_type SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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card_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
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price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
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duration_days INT,
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duration_times INT,
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balance DECIMAL(10,2) DEFAULT 0.00,
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start_date DATE NOT NULL,
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end_date DATE NOT NULL,
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT fk_card_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_card_member FOREIGN KEY (member_id) REFERENCES member(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_card_member ON member_card(member_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_card_status ON member_card(status);
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CREATE INDEX idx_card_end_date ON member_card(end_date);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `card_type`: 1-时长卡，2-次卡，3-储值卡，4-组合卡
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- `duration_days`: 时长卡天数
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- `duration_times`: 次卡次数
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- `balance`: 储值卡余额
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- `status`: 1-有效，2-已过期，3-已退款
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#### 2.1.3 会员权益表（member_benefit）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE member_benefit (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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member_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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card_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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benefit_type SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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benefit_value DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
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used_value DECIMAL(10,2) DEFAULT 0.00,
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remaining_value DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT fk_benefit_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_benefit_member FOREIGN KEY (member_id) REFERENCES member(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_benefit_card FOREIGN KEY (card_id) REFERENCES member_card(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_benefit_member ON member_benefit(member_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_benefit_type ON member_benefit(benefit_type);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `benefit_type`: 1-时长权益，2-次数权益，3-储值权益，4-等级权益
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- `benefit_value`: 权益总值
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- `used_value`: 已使用值
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- `remaining_value`: 剩余值
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#### 2.1.4 会员生命周期表（member_lifecycle）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE member_lifecycle (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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member_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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stage SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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enter_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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exit_time TIMESTAMP,
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exit_reason VARCHAR(200),
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intervention VARCHAR(500),
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intervention_result SMALLINT,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT fk_lifecycle_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_lifecycle_member FOREIGN KEY (member_id) REFERENCES member(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_lifecycle_member ON member_lifecycle(member_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_lifecycle_stage ON member_lifecycle(stage);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `stage`: 1-新会员，2-活跃期，3-沉默期，4-流失预警，5-流失
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- `intervention`: 干预措施
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- `intervention_result`: 1-成功，2-失败
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---
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### 2.2 预约域
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#### 2.2.1 可预约资源表（booking_resource）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE booking_resource (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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store_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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resource_type SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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resource_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
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description VARCHAR(500),
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capacity INT NOT NULL,
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duration_minutes INT NOT NULL,
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT fk_resource_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_resource_store FOREIGN KEY (store_id) REFERENCES store(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_resource_tenant_store ON booking_resource(tenant_id, store_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_resource_type ON booking_resource(resource_type);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `resource_type`: 1-团课，2-私教，3-器械，4-场地
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- `capacity`: 容量（人数）
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- `status`: 1-启用，2-停用
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#### 2.2.2 时段表（booking_slot）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE booking_slot (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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resource_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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coach_id BIGINT,
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start_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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end_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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booked_count INT DEFAULT 0,
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT fk_slot_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_slot_resource FOREIGN KEY (resource_id) REFERENCES booking_resource(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_slot_resource ON booking_slot(resource_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_slot_start_time ON booking_slot(start_time);
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CREATE INDEX idx_slot_status ON booking_slot(status);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `coach_id`: 教练 ID（私教课必填）
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- `booked_count`: 已预约人数
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- `status`: 1-可预约，2-已满，3-已取消
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#### 2.2.3 预约记录表（booking_record）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE booking_record (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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member_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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slot_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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booking_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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cancel_time TIMESTAMP,
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cancel_reason VARCHAR(200),
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checkin_time TIMESTAMP,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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CONSTRAINT fk_booking_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_booking_member FOREIGN KEY (member_id) REFERENCES member(id),
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CONSTRAINT fk_booking_slot FOREIGN KEY (slot_id) REFERENCES booking_slot(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_booking_member ON booking_record(member_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_booking_slot ON booking_record(slot_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_booking_status ON booking_record(status);
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```
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**字段说明**：
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- `booking_time`: 预约时间
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- `status`: 1-已预约，2-已签到，3-已取消，4-已爽约
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- `checkin_time`: 签到时间
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---
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### 2.3 订阅域
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#### 2.3.1 租户模块配置表（tenant_module_config）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE tenant_module_config (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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module_code VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
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enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
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config_data JSONB,
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version INT DEFAULT 0,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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created_by BIGINT,
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updated_by BIGINT,
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT uk_tenant_module UNIQUE (tenant_id, module_code),
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CONSTRAINT fk_tenant_module_config FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_tenant_module ON tenant_module_config(tenant_id, module_code);
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```
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#### 2.3.2 门店模块配置表（store_module_config）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE store_module_config (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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store_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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module_code VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
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inherit_mode SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
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config_data JSONB,
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version INT DEFAULT 0,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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created_by BIGINT,
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updated_by BIGINT,
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT uk_store_module UNIQUE (store_id, module_code),
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CONSTRAINT fk_store_module_config FOREIGN KEY (store_id) REFERENCES store(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_store_module ON store_module_config(store_id, module_code);
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```
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#### 2.3.3 订阅记录表（subscription_record）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE subscription_record (
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id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
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tenant_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
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subscription_no VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
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module_code VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
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billing_cycle SMALLINT NOT NULL,
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amount DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
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discount_amount DECIMAL(10,2) DEFAULT 0.00,
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actual_amount DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
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start_date DATE NOT NULL,
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end_date DATE NOT NULL,
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status SMALLINT DEFAULT 1,
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created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
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created_by BIGINT,
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updated_by BIGINT,
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deleted_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT uk_subscription_no UNIQUE (subscription_no),
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CONSTRAINT fk_subscription_tenant FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id) REFERENCES tenant(id)
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);
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-- 索引设计
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CREATE INDEX idx_subscription_tenant ON subscription_record(tenant_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_subscription_status ON subscription_record(status);
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```
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---
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## 三、索引设计优化
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### 3.1 核心索引清单
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| 表名 | 索引字段 | 索引类型 | 说明 |
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|------|---------|---------|------|
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| member | (tenant_id, phone) | 唯一索引 | 租户级手机号唯一 |
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| member | (tenant_id, store_id) | 复合索引 | 租户 + 门店查询 |
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| member | (status) | 单列索引 | 会员状态筛选 |
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| member_card | (member_id) | 复合索引 | 会员卡片查询 |
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| member_card | (end_date) | 单列索引 | 到期提醒查询 |
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| booking_record | (member_id, status) | 复合索引 | 会员预约查询 |
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| booking_slot | (resource_id, start_time) | 复合索引 | 资源时段查询 |
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### 3.2 索引优化建议
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1. **避免过度索引**：单表索引数不超过 5 个
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2. **优先复合索引**：将高频查询字段组合
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3. **定期分析索引使用**：通过 pg_stat_user_indexes 监控
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4. **及时删除无用索引**：减少写入开销
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---
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## 四、数据迁移策略
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||||
### 4.1 版本化管理
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **Flyway** 进行数据库版本管理：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
db/
|
||||
├── migration/
|
||||
│ ├── V1__initial_schema.sql
|
||||
│ ├── V2__add_member_lifecycle.sql
|
||||
│ ├── V3__add_booking_resource.sql
|
||||
│ └── ...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 数据迁移流程
|
||||
|
||||
1. **开发环境**：创建迁移脚本 → 测试迁移 → 提交代码
|
||||
2. **测试环境**：自动执行迁移 → 验证数据 → 回归测试
|
||||
3. **生产环境**：备份数据 → 执行迁移 → 验证数据 → 监控告警
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 回滚策略
|
||||
|
||||
- 每个迁移脚本配备回滚脚本
|
||||
- 回滚前必须备份当前数据
|
||||
- 回滚后验证数据一致性
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 五、性能优化
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 查询优化
|
||||
|
||||
1. **避免 N+1 查询**：使用 JOIN 或批量查询
|
||||
2. **使用覆盖索引**：减少回表查询
|
||||
3. **分页优化**：使用游标分页替代 OFFSET
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 连接池配置
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
spring:
|
||||
r2dbc:
|
||||
pool:
|
||||
max-size: 20 # 基础版
|
||||
max-size: 100 # 付费订阅版
|
||||
initial-size: 10
|
||||
max-idle-time: 30m
|
||||
max-life-time: 60m
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.3 监控指标
|
||||
|
||||
- 连接池使用率
|
||||
- 慢查询（>1s）
|
||||
- 锁等待时间
|
||||
- 表空间使用率
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 六、安全设计
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 数据加密
|
||||
|
||||
- 手机号：AES-256 加密
|
||||
- 身份证：AES-256 加密
|
||||
- 银行卡：AES-256 加密
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 数据脱敏
|
||||
|
||||
- 日志中的手机号：138****1234
|
||||
- 接口响应中的身份证：110101********1234
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.3 审计日志
|
||||
|
||||
- 关键操作记录（插入、更新、删除）
|
||||
- 操作人、操作时间、IP 地址
|
||||
- 保留 180 天
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
**文档结束**
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user